Sending e-mail

虽然Python通过 smtplib库使得发送email变得很简单，Scrapy仍然提供了自己的实现， 该功能十分易用，同时由于采用了Twisted非阻塞式IO ，其避免了对爬虫的非阻塞式IO的影响。It also provides a simple API for sending attachments and it’s very easy to configure, with a few settings.

简单例子

There are two ways to instantiate the mail sender. You can instantiate it using the standard constructor:

from scrapy.mail import MailSender
mailer = MailSender()

Or you can instantiate it passing a Scrapy settings object, which will respect the settings:

mailer = MailSender.from_settings(settings)

And here is how to use it to send an e-mail (without attachments):

mailer.send(to=["someone@example.com"], subject="Some subject", body="Some body", cc=["another@example.com"])

注

如上面的示例中所示，to和cc需要电子邮件地址的列表，不是单一的地址，即使只有一个收件人，即to="someone@example.com"将无法工作。

MailSender类参考

在Scrapy中发送email推荐使用MailSender。其同框架中其他的部分一样，使用了Twisted非阻塞式IO 。

class scrapy.mail.MailSender(smtphost=None, mailfrom=None, smtpuser=None, smtppass=None, smtpport=None)
Parameters:
  • smtphost (str) – the SMTP host to use for sending the emails. If omitted, the MAIL_HOST setting will be used.
  • mailfrom (str) – the address used to send emails (in the From: header). If omitted, the MAIL_FROM setting will be used.
  • smtpuser – the SMTP user. If omitted, the MAIL_USER setting will be used. If not given, no SMTP authentication will be performed.
  • smtppass (str) – the SMTP pass for authentication.
  • smtpport (int) – the SMTP port to connect to
  • smtptls (boolean) – 强制使用SMTP STARTTLS
  • smtpssl (boolean) – enforce using a secure SSL connection
classmethod from_settings(settings)

Instantiate using a Scrapy settings object, which will respect these Scrapy settings.

Parameters:settings (scrapy.settings.Settings object) – the e-mail recipients
send(to, subject, body, cc=None, attachs=(), mimetype='text/plain', charset=None)

Send email to the given recipients.

Parameters:
  • to (list) – the e-mail recipients
  • subject (str) – the subject of the e-mail
  • cc (list) – the e-mails to CC
  • body (str) – the e-mail body
  • attachs (iterable) – 一个由元组(attach_name, mimetype, file_object)组成的可迭代对象，其中attach_name是出现在电子邮件附件中的名字字符串，mimetype是附件的MIME类型，file_object是一个包含附件内容的可读文件对象。
  • mimetype (str) – the MIME type of the e-mail
  • charset (str) – the character encoding to use for the e-mail contents

Mail设置

这些设置定义MailSender构造函数的默认值，而且可以用来配置你的项目中的邮件通知功能，而不需要（为那些使用MailSender的扩展和代码）编写任何代码。

MAIL_FROM

Default: 'scrapy@localhost'

Sender email to use (From: header) for sending emails.

MAIL_HOST

Default: 'localhost'

SMTP host to use for sending emails.

MAIL_PORT

Default: 25

SMTP port to use for sending emails.

MAIL_USER

Default: None

User to use for SMTP authentication. If disabled no SMTP authentication will be performed.

MAIL_PASS

Default: None

Password to use for SMTP authentication, along with MAIL_USER.

MAIL_TLS

Default: False

Enforce using STARTTLS. STARTTLS is a way to take an existing insecure connection, and upgrade it to a secure connection using SSL/TLS.

MAIL_SSL

Default: False

Enforce connecting using an SSL encrypted connection